Having a security clearance is mandatory for employees who have access to sensitive and classified information or restricted governmental areas. The required level of security clearance classification depends on the agency and job description.

When an applicant receives a conditional offer from a qualifying governmental agency or contractor, they are required to fill out either the Standard Form 86 Questionnaire for National Security Positions ("SF-86") or the NBIS eApp. These applications are lengthy and comprehensive, but they are necessary for consideration for a security clearance. The main purpose of the application is to gather truthful information about the applicant to determine their fitness for a security clearance.

Once the application is completed, it is reviewed, and a field investigator may follow up with the applicant to assess their fitness and determine their truthfulness. If there are any issues related to the application, the applicant has the right to appeal any unfavorable decision.